Gli operatori si trovano ad affrontare continui aumenti del traffico, una crescita lenta dei ricavi e pressioni competitive per investire e innovare per le applicazioni emergenti legate al cloud e al 5G. Di conseguenza, stanno sempre più guardando alle innovazioni guidate dagli iperscaler, tra cui il software defined networking (SDN), la virtualizzazione e la disaggregazione. A causa delle dimensioni e della complessità, le reti di accesso in fibra sono emerse come un'area di particolare interesse e promessa per ridurre i costi di rete e fornire servizi avanzati nei mercati residenziali, aziendali e all'ingrosso.
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 based smart agriculture
', 'https://www.stl.tech/sterlite-live/blog_banners/101/medium/Plug.jpeg?1516024789', 'https://www.stl.tech/pdf/Smart%20Agriculture_whitepaper%20(1).pdf')){kind=link}
 based smart agriculture
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', 'https://www.stl.tech/sterlite-live/blog_banners/101/medium/Plug.jpeg?1516024789', 'https://www.stl.tech/connectivity-solution/speciality-cable/pdf/whitepaper/Power_Over_ethernet_PoE_Whitepaper.pdf')){kind=link}
', 'https://www.stl.tech/sterlite-live/blog_banners/101/medium/Plug.jpeg?1516024789', 'https://www.stl.tech/connectivity-solution/speciality-cable/pdf/whitepaper/Power_Over_ethernet_PoE_Whitepaper.pdf')){kind=link}
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 and its advantages over field – connectorized solutions in terms of cost, time, installation skill and materials', 'https://www.stl.tech/sterlite-live/blog_banners/101/medium/Plug.jpeg?1516024789', 'https://www.stl.tech/connectivity-solution/passive-products/pdf/Plug%20&%20Play%20Smarter%20solution.pdf')){kind=link}
 and its advantages over field – connectorized solutions in terms of cost, time, installation skill and materials', 'https://www.stl.tech/sterlite-live/blog_banners/101/medium/Plug.jpeg?1516024789', 'https://www.stl.tech/connectivity-solution/passive-products/pdf/Plug%20&%20Play%20Smarter%20solution.pdf')){kind=link}
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 infrastructures. Data centers are required to manage huge amounts of data\ntraffic providing faster connectivity to avoid congestion and to ensure that users face no\ndelays in streaming and updates.', 'https://www.stl.tech/sterlite-live/blog_banners/51/medium/Brain-share-article-header-cable168f.jpg?1477547189', 'brain-share/white-papers/emerging-information-communication-technologies-changing-data-cable-physical-layer-needs.html')){kind=link}
 infrastructures. Data centers are required to manage huge amounts of data\ntraffic providing faster connectivity to avoid congestion and to ensure that users face no\ndelays in streaming and updates.', 'https://www.stl.tech/sterlite-live/blog_banners/51/medium/Brain-share-article-header-cable168f.jpg?1477547189', 'brain-share/white-papers/emerging-information-communication-technologies-changing-data-cable-physical-layer-needs.html')){kind=link}
 video is the biggest driver of bandwidth to consumers, while enterprise cloud applications, including Software as a Service (SaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), and Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), are delivering a similar impact on enterprise bandwidth. Underlying both of these trends is the need to provide significant amounts of interconnects bandwidth between data centers housing cloud and video services.', 'https://www.stl.tech/sterlite-live/blog_banners/49/medium/shutterstock_201316712-16905.jpg?1473408765', 'brain-share/white-papers/technical-considerations-for-supporting-data-rates-beyond-100-gb-s.html')){kind=link}
 video is the biggest driver of bandwidth to consumers, while enterprise cloud applications, including Software as a Service (SaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), and Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), are delivering a similar impact on enterprise bandwidth. Underlying both of these trends is the need to provide significant amounts of interconnects bandwidth between data centers housing cloud and video services.', 'https://www.stl.tech/sterlite-live/blog_banners/49/medium/shutterstock_201316712-16905.jpg?1473408765', 'brain-share/white-papers/technical-considerations-for-supporting-data-rates-beyond-100-gb-s.html')){kind=link}
 business solution framework for creating next generation OSS/BSS software and systems. The New Generation Operations Support Systems (NGOSS) program is delivering a framework to produce New Generation OSS/BSS solutions, and a repository of documentation, models, and guidelines to support these developments. The goal of NGOSS is to facilitate the rapid development of flexible, low-cost of ownership, OSS/BSS solutions to meet the business needs of today’s cost-conscious, competitive and rapidly evolving telecom environment.', 'https://www.stl.tech/sterlite-live/blog_banners/42/medium/shutterstock_229160788-minac00.jpg?1468581200', 'brain-share/white-papers/new-generation-operations-support-systems.html')){kind=link}
 business solution framework for creating next generation OSS/BSS software and systems. The New Generation Operations Support Systems (NGOSS) program is delivering a framework to produce New Generation OSS/BSS solutions, and a repository of documentation, models, and guidelines to support these developments. The goal of NGOSS is to facilitate the rapid development of flexible, low-cost of ownership, OSS/BSS solutions to meet the business needs of today’s cost-conscious, competitive and rapidly evolving telecom environment.', 'https://www.stl.tech/sterlite-live/blog_banners/42/medium/shutterstock_229160788-minac00.jpg?1468581200', 'brain-share/white-papers/new-generation-operations-support-systems.html')){kind=link}
. Residential usage is the highest in the market and accounts for nearly 60% of the home automation industry.', 'https://www.stl.tech/sterlite-live/blog_banners/41/medium/shutterstock_282687038fd23.jpg?1464093092', 'brain-share/white-papers/smart-home-solution-market-analysis-trends-current-engagements.html')){kind=link}
. Residential usage is the highest in the market and accounts for nearly 60% of the home automation industry.', 'https://www.stl.tech/sterlite-live/blog_banners/41/medium/shutterstock_282687038fd23.jpg?1464093092', 'brain-share/white-papers/smart-home-solution-market-analysis-trends-current-engagements.html')){kind=link}
 has been working towards time bound development activities based on major scientific and hi-tech strategies to develop it as a paragon of India’s Smart City.', 'https://www.stl.tech/sterlite-live/blog_banners/40/medium/shutterstock_4197232849a24.jpg?1463567917', 'brain-share/white-papers/iot-enabled-smart-city-framework-for-jaipur.html')){kind=link}
 has been working towards time bound development activities based on major scientific and hi-tech strategies to develop it as a paragon of India’s Smart City.', 'https://www.stl.tech/sterlite-live/blog_banners/40/medium/shutterstock_4197232849a24.jpg?1463567917', 'brain-share/white-papers/iot-enabled-smart-city-framework-for-jaipur.html')){kind=link}
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 simulation tool and has resulted in lowering the attenuation due to Rayleigh scattering loss at 1550 nm by 0.003 dB/km.A method has been proposed to reduce the attenuation due to Rayleigh scattering loss in the single mode optical fiber (mainly attributed to the density and concentration fluctuations at atomic/molecular level) by lowering the fictive temperature during the fiber draw process. The fictive temperature of a Germaniao doped single mode optical fiber varies between 1150-1300 C and no further structural relaxation occurs in glasses above this temperature. The article presents a computational study on the design of annealing furnace aimed at controlling the cooling rate of optical fiber during its draw process, thus resulting in lowered fictive temperature. In this study, we have calculated the cooling rate of optical fiber and have discussed its impact on the attenuation at 1550 nm wavelength.', 'https://www.stl.tech/sterlite-live/blog_banners/31/medium/attenuation-in-optical-fibere587.jpg?1459918581', 'brain-share/white-papers/design-of-annealing-furnace-to-lower-the-attenuation-in-optical-fiber.html')){kind=link}
 simulation tool and has resulted in lowering the attenuation due to Rayleigh scattering loss at 1550 nm by 0.003 dB/km.A method has been proposed to reduce the attenuation due to Rayleigh scattering loss in the single mode optical fiber (mainly attributed to the density and concentration fluctuations at atomic/molecular level) by lowering the fictive temperature during the fiber draw process. The fictive temperature of a Germaniao doped single mode optical fiber varies between 1150-1300 C and no further structural relaxation occurs in glasses above this temperature. The article presents a computational study on the design of annealing furnace aimed at controlling the cooling rate of optical fiber during its draw process, thus resulting in lowered fictive temperature. In this study, we have calculated the cooling rate of optical fiber and have discussed its impact on the attenuation at 1550 nm wavelength.', 'https://www.stl.tech/sterlite-live/blog_banners/31/medium/attenuation-in-optical-fibere587.jpg?1459918581', 'brain-share/white-papers/design-of-annealing-furnace-to-lower-the-attenuation-in-optical-fiber.html')){kind=link}
 simulation tool. It is found that the normalized maximum viscous stress decreases from o o 2.45 units to 1.1 units as the coating temperature increases from 40 C to 60 C.The wet coating system has been applied on the surface of optical fiber during its draw process. The wet primary coating lowers the micro-bend induced attenuation whereas the wet secondary coating provides the mechanical strength to the fiber. There has been market demand to decrease the manufacturing cost of optical fiber and hence, the draw tower are being designed to draw the fiber at high speed at the range of 30-40 m/s. The high draw speed manufacturing process demands the redesigning of coating applicator to control the coating thickness. The article presents a computational study to calculate the viscous stress on the surface of fiber following to the validation against a publication [1] on the coating thickness v/s draw speed and pressurization inside the coating die respectively.', 'https://www.stl.tech/sterlite-live/blog_banners/30/medium/coating--optical-fibre3cdd.jpg?1459918763', 'brain-share/white-papers/viscous-stress-during-coating-application-in-optical-fiber.html')){kind=link}
 simulation tool. It is found that the normalized maximum viscous stress decreases from o o 2.45 units to 1.1 units as the coating temperature increases from 40 C to 60 C.The wet coating system has been applied on the surface of optical fiber during its draw process. The wet primary coating lowers the micro-bend induced attenuation whereas the wet secondary coating provides the mechanical strength to the fiber. There has been market demand to decrease the manufacturing cost of optical fiber and hence, the draw tower are being designed to draw the fiber at high speed at the range of 30-40 m/s. The high draw speed manufacturing process demands the redesigning of coating applicator to control the coating thickness. The article presents a computational study to calculate the viscous stress on the surface of fiber following to the validation against a publication [1] on the coating thickness v/s draw speed and pressurization inside the coating die respectively.', 'https://www.stl.tech/sterlite-live/blog_banners/30/medium/coating--optical-fibre3cdd.jpg?1459918763', 'brain-share/white-papers/viscous-stress-during-coating-application-in-optical-fiber.html')){kind=link}
 characteristics of short length bend insensitive optical fibers using broadband source/OSA technique. It is found that MPI is negligible for fibers with lengths as short as 2 m with worst case splice conditions. As the fiber reaches near or into houses for FTTH applications, it needs to have very high bend resistance [1]. Harsh conditions like sharp turns, staples, and storage with low diameter turns are very common in indoor applications. ITU has recommended a new fiber type called G.657 for these applications [2] and special bend insensitive fibers (BIFs) are designed for this purpose. As the macro-bend loss of conventional matched clad fibers cannot be reduced beyond certain extent without disturbing mode field diameter (MFD) and dispersion, a trench in cladding design has been proposed. Fibers with trench in cladding design can achieve ultra low bend losses without compromising on MFD and dispersion.', 'https://www.stl.tech/sterlite-live/blog_banners/29/medium/broadbandc0a8.jpg?1459918716', 'brain-share/white-papers/measurement-of-multipth-interference-for-bend-insensitive-fibers-broadband-source-osa-technique.html')){kind=link}
 characteristics of short length bend insensitive optical fibers using broadband source/OSA technique. It is found that MPI is negligible for fibers with lengths as short as 2 m with worst case splice conditions. As the fiber reaches near or into houses for FTTH applications, it needs to have very high bend resistance [1]. Harsh conditions like sharp turns, staples, and storage with low diameter turns are very common in indoor applications. ITU has recommended a new fiber type called G.657 for these applications [2] and special bend insensitive fibers (BIFs) are designed for this purpose. As the macro-bend loss of conventional matched clad fibers cannot be reduced beyond certain extent without disturbing mode field diameter (MFD) and dispersion, a trench in cladding design has been proposed. Fibers with trench in cladding design can achieve ultra low bend losses without compromising on MFD and dispersion.', 'https://www.stl.tech/sterlite-live/blog_banners/29/medium/broadbandc0a8.jpg?1459918716', 'brain-share/white-papers/measurement-of-multipth-interference-for-bend-insensitive-fibers-broadband-source-osa-technique.html')){kind=link}
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![](javascript:postToLinkedIn('Bend insensitive 200 micron optical fiber', 'Deployment of optical fiber cable in limited space and in tight bend conditions demands reduced diameter optical fiber and cable with bend insensitive fiber. To address this need, optical fiber with 200 micron outer coating diameter instead of 250 micron for conventional fiber has been developed. This white paper outlines various advantages of 200 micron fiber and its backward compatibility with conventional fiber. Optical fiber is used in all modern optical communications including long-haul, regional, access, and FTTX networks. An optical fiber is made up of three layers, namely, core, cladding, and coating. Light is guided down the center of the fiber called the \"core\". The core is surrounded by an optical material called the \"cladding\" that contains the light in the core using an optical phenomenon called \"total internal reflection.\" The fiber is coated by a buffer layer that protects it from moisture and physical damage. The buffer or “coating”is what one strips off the fiber for termination or splicing. More protection is provided by the cable which has the fibers and strength members inside an outer protective covering called a \"jacket\" or a \"sheath.\"', 'https://www.stl.tech/sterlite-live/blog_banners/27/medium/Bend-optical-fiber.jpg?1459918690', 'https://www.stl.tech/brain-share/white-papers/bend-insensitive-200-micron-optical-fiber')){kind=link}
![](javascript:postToFaceBook('Bend insensitive 200 micron optical fiber', 'Deployment of optical fiber cable in limited space and in tight bend conditions demands reduced diameter optical fiber and cable with bend insensitive fiber. To address this need, optical fiber with 200 micron outer coating diameter instead of 250 micron for conventional fiber has been developed. This white paper outlines various advantages of 200 micron fiber and its backward compatibility with conventional fiber. Optical fiber is used in all modern optical communications including long-haul, regional, access, and FTTX networks. An optical fiber is made up of three layers, namely, core, cladding, and coating. Light is guided down the center of the fiber called the \"core\". The core is surrounded by an optical material called the \"cladding\" that contains the light in the core using an optical phenomenon called \"total internal reflection.\" The fiber is coated by a buffer layer that protects it from moisture and physical damage. The buffer or “coating”is what one strips off the fiber for termination or splicing. More protection is provided by the cable which has the fibers and strength members inside an outer protective covering called a \"jacket\" or a \"sheath.\"', 'https://www.stl.tech/sterlite-live/blog_banners/27/medium/Bend-optical-fiber.jpg?1459918690', 'https://www.stl.tech/brain-share/white-papers/bend-insensitive-200-micron-optical-fiber')){kind=link}
![](javascript:postToLinkedIn('Impact of adverse cable handling on lifetime of optical fiber', 'Optical fiber experiences various stresses during its lifetime starting from proof-testing, cabling, installation and in-service life. For long term reliability prediction, it is required to determine in-service lifetime and in-service failure rate for various fiber stress histories like constant tension in buried cable or sudden jerk during cable installation, and adverse cable handling like accidental cable \"dig-ups\". However, a fiber length that is subjected to a constant applied service stress which doesn\'t vary with time, is the most common situation for which reliability prediction is made. Thus, there is a need to understand impact on lifetime of fibers exposed to abnormal stress-time profiles such as in cable \"dig-ups\". In this paper various fiber lifetime prediction models are discussed. Fiber lifetime and safe stress are predicted based on stress-time histories and long length (20 m) tensile strength distributions. A set of experiments that can validate the lifetime models, are conducted on fiber with pre-defined testable stress-time exposures. Once validated, these models are used to provide predictions of fiber lifetime of cables exposed to abnormal stress -time profiles.', 'https://www.stl.tech/sterlite-live/blog_banners/26/medium/Optical-fibre-cable-handling-WP.jpg?1459919216', 'https://www.stl.tech/brain-share/white-papers/impact-of-adverse-cable-handling-on-lifetime-of-optical-fiber')){kind=link}
![](javascript:postToFaceBook('Impact of adverse cable handling on lifetime of optical fiber', 'Optical fiber experiences various stresses during its lifetime starting from proof-testing, cabling, installation and in-service life. For long term reliability prediction, it is required to determine in-service lifetime and in-service failure rate for various fiber stress histories like constant tension in buried cable or sudden jerk during cable installation, and adverse cable handling like accidental cable \"dig-ups\". However, a fiber length that is subjected to a constant applied service stress which doesn\'t vary with time, is the most common situation for which reliability prediction is made. Thus, there is a need to understand impact on lifetime of fibers exposed to abnormal stress-time profiles such as in cable \"dig-ups\". In this paper various fiber lifetime prediction models are discussed. Fiber lifetime and safe stress are predicted based on stress-time histories and long length (20 m) tensile strength distributions. A set of experiments that can validate the lifetime models, are conducted on fiber with pre-defined testable stress-time exposures. Once validated, these models are used to provide predictions of fiber lifetime of cables exposed to abnormal stress -time profiles.', 'https://www.stl.tech/sterlite-live/blog_banners/26/medium/Optical-fibre-cable-handling-WP.jpg?1459919216', 'https://www.stl.tech/brain-share/white-papers/impact-of-adverse-cable-handling-on-lifetime-of-optical-fiber')){kind=link}
 and explains procedure for collecting fiber break ends and other relevant information for BSA. When a certain tension is applied, optical fiber breaks at the lowest strength point. Proof testing is a common technique to ensure optical fiber has some minimum strength and eliminate flaws whose sizes are dependent on the stress applied during proof testing. In proof testing, predetermined load is applied on fiber by tensile loading. The fiber breaks at the weak points and the weak parts are eliminated from the fiber. Optical fiber used in telecommunication is proof tested at 1% strain, which is equivalent to 700 MPa stress and corresponds to a surface flaw size of approximately 0.85 pm. Therefore proof testing with 1% strain eliminates surface flaws above 0.85 pm', 'https://www.stl.tech/sterlite-live/blog_banners/25/medium/Optical-fibre-breaks-collection-WP4093.jpg?1459919196', 'brain-share/white-papers/optical-fibre-breaks-collection-procedure-for-break-source-analysis.html')){kind=link}
 and explains procedure for collecting fiber break ends and other relevant information for BSA. When a certain tension is applied, optical fiber breaks at the lowest strength point. Proof testing is a common technique to ensure optical fiber has some minimum strength and eliminate flaws whose sizes are dependent on the stress applied during proof testing. In proof testing, predetermined load is applied on fiber by tensile loading. The fiber breaks at the weak points and the weak parts are eliminated from the fiber. Optical fiber used in telecommunication is proof tested at 1% strain, which is equivalent to 700 MPa stress and corresponds to a surface flaw size of approximately 0.85 pm. Therefore proof testing with 1% strain eliminates surface flaws above 0.85 pm', 'https://www.stl.tech/sterlite-live/blog_banners/25/medium/Optical-fibre-breaks-collection-WP4093.jpg?1459919196', 'brain-share/white-papers/optical-fibre-breaks-collection-procedure-for-break-source-analysis.html')){kind=link}